Optimisation du pilotage de chaînes opto-mécaniques pour l’exécution de trajectoires en fabrication additive par fusion laser sur lit de poudre

In metal additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion, the geometry and mechanical characteristics of the produced parts are generated during the manufacturing process. These two aspects are greatly influenced by the laser spot trajectories, and by the control of the energy provided to the powder locally. The numerical control system, whose purpose is to generate instructions to be sent to actuators, has therefore a significant impact on the quality of the parts produced. This work proposes to study the local impact of the operations carried out in the numerical control on both the trajectories executed and the energy provided to the material. In the literature, few studies have addressed these aspects in additive manufacturing. For this reason, an experimental platform is implemented and used to analyze and better understand the operations currently implemented in industrial numerical controls. First, a mathematical model representative of the machine geometry is established. This model converts the laser spot trajectories into instructions for actuators. The model developed is used to improve the calibration step of the machines. Once the system is calibrated, the instructions sent to the actuators are studied. The various processes carried out in the industrial numerical control are analysed, limitations are highlighted and several proposals for improvements are implemented. All these developments are then used to precisely control the energy supplied to the material in the case of certain trajectories adapted to the process. The scientific developments proposed in these works are all validated experimentally on an additive manufacturing machine or on the test bench developed. The work carried out makes it possible to envisage many perspectives concerning the improvement of the treatments carried out inside the numerical control in additive manufacturing.